Defense Science Secret Key
Coding Theory
Count: 8
What is the maximum error that a coding with minimum Hamming Distance = 5 that can be corrected?
2
What is the Weight of (Bitstring)?
Count the number of 1s.
What is the Hamming Distance between (Bitstring1) and (Bitstring2)?
Add their Weights.
What are the portions of a Hamming Codeword?
Information Portion
Parity Check Portion
(Choose these 2 only)
Hamming’s method of Error Correction:
Nearest Neighbour ü
Gaussian Elimination x
Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization x
When did Hamming discover his Error Correction Method?
1948
1010011 convert to decimal:
83
ASCII stands for:
American National Standard… ü
American Symbolic… x
Chemical Defense
Count: 7
Which is not a Nerve agent?
Phosgene ü (This is Choking)
Phogene Oxime x
What Chemical Agent is used in the 1995 Tokyo Attack?
Sarin
Which is in correct order of toxicity (From highest to lowest)?
VX > GD > GB > GA ü
VX > GD > GA > GB x
(Note the GA GB swap)
Which methods are used in Point Detection?
i) Flame Photometry ü
ii) Ion Mobility ü
iii) Laser x
iv) Thermal Imaging x
v) Hyperspectral Imaging x
Which is a disadvantage of Full Protection Equipment?
Heat trapping
What is Decontamination?
As per exact definition in Notes. Longest Statement.
Difference between Verification & Detection:
Verify is unambiguous identification of Chemical Agent, while Detection is only an initial indicator…
Ionospheric Defense
Count: 6
(Good to know Fc=8.98x10^(-6) N , MUF = Fc/cos(x))
MUF Calculation
Critical Frequency Calculation
Which is not true about Ionosphere?
Quasi 11 Years Solar Cycle x
Has Diurnal Variation x
No Northern Lights in South Pole ü
Aurora is caused by:
Energetic Particles in atmosphere… (Long and Distinct statement)
Which Letter is not used to label the Ionosphere?
C ü
D x
E x
F1 x
F2 x
Which layer disappears at night?
E
D ü
D&E
F&E
(Remember, no matter what, F stays)
Mathematical Optimization
Count: 6
Which is true of One-Factor-at-a-time:
Only one independent variable can be varied…
Most important factor to consider in statistical modeling:
Budget
Time Frame
Performance Index
Independent Variables üm
A Design of Experiment of K factors has how many (Rows)?
2 to the power of K.
Who was the 1st person to develop statistical modeling?
A List of Unfamiliar names. (ANS does not exist in LecNotes) ???
Statistical Modelling…
a) Should Include all tested variables
b) May not have included some of the tested variables
(ANS not found in LecNotes) ???
What is the purpose of Screening?
To drop insignificant terms. üm
(Screening does not exist in LecNotes) ???
Atmospheric
Count: 7
(1st Question of test)
In atmosphere, Gas with the largest percentage composition is:
Nitrogen
Which Model cannot be used for Atmospheric Modelling?
Particle
Plume
Puff
Computational Fluid
None of the Above ü
Lowest Layer of Atmosphere:
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
???
None of the above ü (Because answer is Troposphere)
Hydrostatic Equilibrium affected by:
Vertical Pressure Gradient
Horizontal Pressure Gradient
Rotation of Earth causes:
Coriolis Force
Which is NOT a dispersion method of Plume Gas?
Wet Desposition
Dry Desposition
Sendimentation
Advection
???
At 300km, the atmospheric dispersion modeling scale is:
Local
Regional
None of the Above ü (ANS is Meso)
Biological Defense
Count: 4
Category A Biological Agents are:
Easily Disseminated
Easily Produced
Major Public Impact
High Degree of Mortality
All of the Above ü
Virus
Has no Nucleus Membrane ü
Has no Protein coat x
Which is a historical case of BioWarfare?
Anthrax, SARS
Smallpox, Plague ü
Which is a challenge of BioDetection?
Distinguish between background and real pathogens. üm
Shockwave Physics
Count: 6
What is true of Shockwaves?
Across a shock Entropy decreases x
Shock is a propagating disturbance ü
WWII led to the advancement of which of the following technologies?
Jet Engines
Nuclear Power
???
???
All of the above ü
The discovery of which particle led to the invention of nuclear power?
Electron
Proton
Photon
???
Neutron ü
Burgers’ Equation
Differential Equation
A case Scenario of Shockwave with height: Ask you what should you do?
Take Bicycle to the Left
Take bicycle to the right to a Heli-Evacuation
Stay put. It won’t hit you
???
???
Food for Soldiers
Count: 9
What’s the purpose of the Healthy Diet Guidelines for Soldiers?
Ensure a well-balanced and nutritional provision for soldiers to ….. Longest Statement ü
Sufficient food for soldiers x
Provide food that meets soldier’s expectations. x
Consequence of Lack of Nutrition
i) Weight Loss ü
ii) Fatigue ü
iii) ??? ü
iv) Lack of Sleep x
v) Psychological stress. x
Nutritional Composition of Field Ration
Carbohydrates 60–65% Fat 20–25% Protein 10–15% ü
Carbohydrates ???% Fat ???% Fibre 5–10g x
What is Commercial Sterility?
Ensure no Microorganism in food x
Ensure no VIABLE Microorganism in food ü
What is Sensory Analysis?
Scientific approach to…. (As per LecNotes)
Test for fats?
Acid Hydrolysis üm
??? (Lecnotes seem to say “Rancidity Test)
What is Prebiotics?
Chemical that promote growth of beneficial bacterial ü
Culture of …. (The Beneficial Bacteria itself) x
Note: Probiotics is THE bacteria.
Main source of Nutrition for Soldiers in the field:
Field Ration Pack
What is Hurdle Technology?
Preservation Techniques…
Cryptology
Count: 7
Ceaser Cipher.
Given Ciphertext and Key, convert to Plaintext.
ANS: APPLES (For my paper, may not be same for yours)
Substitution Cipher.
Given Plaintext and Substitution Tables, encode to CipherText
XOR Binary Addition
Given two BitStrings, find their sum.
Method to break Substitution Cipher:
a) Frequency Analysis of Single Alphabets
b) Frequency Analysis of Digraphs
c) Frequency Analysis of Trigraphs
d) All of Above ü
Encoding Method with Perfect Security:
One-Time Pad
Difference between Asymmetric Distribution and Symmetric Distribution of Keys:
AS need fewer keys than S. ü
AS is cheaper to build. x
What is Cryptology?
a) Cryptography: Exact Definition in LecNotes ü
b) Crypanalysis: Decode Plaintext WITHOUT knowing the secret key x
Biological Sensors
Count: 3
Bio Detectors should be:
???
Challenges of Bio-Sensors:
???
The 1st (stuff) to be synthesized by De-Novo Sequence:
???
Bio-Effectiveness
Count: 5
Cycling at 30km/h, heat dissipates from body mostly by:
Evaporation???
During intense exercise, body produce heat by:
Metabolism???
Overtraining training volume is achieved by:
???
How much water should be drink during exercise?
<2% body weight
>2% body weight
Thirst Mechanism???
What is an important factor for after exercise?
Sufficient Rest???
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Recorded: 65
Missed: 35
Extracted from Short Term Memory by Murphy Chia.
Don’t ask me how I could remember 65 questions.
I really forgot how I did it… But yes, I know I’m awesome.
By Murphy Chia.
Yours Truly.